Computer Hardware

     It refers to physical elements of a computer which we can see and touch basically a keyboard, mouse, monitor etc and also the parts present inside the case all these are computer hardware. There are four types of hardware:-

1. Input Devices -          For raw data unit.
2. Processing Devices:- For processing raw data unit
3. Memory Devices:-     For storing the data
4. Output Device:-         For executing results

1. Motherboard (PCB).
2. Central Processing Unit (CPU).
3. Random Access Memory (RAM).
4. Read-Only Memory (ROM).  
5. Optical Disk Drive (ODD)
6. Basic Input Output System (BIOS).
7. Switched- Mode Power Supply (SMPS).               

Motherboard (PCB):-   

     The motherboard also calls as PCB(Printed-Circuit Board) is used to connect all internal and external hardware devices. There are three types of motherboard they are:-

1. Integrated Motherboard.
2. Non-Integrated Motherboard.
3. Server Motherboard.

Fig:-Motherboard

Components Of Motherboard:-   

1. CPU Socket
2. RAM Socket.
3. Input-Output Port.
4. Disk Drive Port.
5. Power Connector.
6. Chipset.
7. CMOS.
8. BIOS
9. Audio Controller.
10. LAN Connector.
11. Front Panel Connector.
12. Jumper.
13. Super Input-Output Controller
14. Clock Generator.

Central Processing Unit/Microprocessor:

It is a single chip made up of millions of transistors to process the data into information.

1. Prefetch Unit:        Accept the data and instruction.
2. Storing Unit:         Store the data and instruction.
3. Decoding Unit:     Decode the data and instruction in machine language.
4. Processing Unit:   Process the data and instruction and show results.

Fig:- Micro-Processor

Packages Of Micro-Processor:

1.Pin Grid Array:  Processor which has a gold plated pin.

                                                                                 
2.Land Grid Array: Processor which has no pin.

                                                                                  

3.Single Edge Contact Cartridge: It is a slot type processor which is fitted in a plastic housing.

                               

4.Ball Grid Array:  It is a surface mount device type means permanently fixed on the motherboard.

                              

      It stores data and machine code currently being used to be read or written in almost the same amount of time irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory. It is divided into two they are SRAM and DRAM.

Static Ram:

In SRAM, a bit of data is stored using the state of six transistors memory cell, it is more expensive to produce but it is faster and requires less power, it is often used as cache memory for the CPU.

Fig:- Random Access Memory

Dynamic RAM:-

In DRAM, a bit of data is stored using a transistor and capacitor pair which together form a DRAM cell it is less expensive. It is a form of computer memory used in a modern computer.

1. Extended Data Out RAM.
2. Non-Extended Data Out RAM.
3. Double Data Out-1 RAM.
4. Double Data Out-2 RAM
5. Double Data Out-3 RAM
6. Rambus Dynamic RAM

      It is a non-volatile memory and it is a platform for operating system ita storage capacity is in Gigabyte or Terabyte.  

          (b) Serial Advanced Technology Attachment[SATA]

             It has a 15-pin power connector and a 7-pin SATA                           connector for DATA.